My research integrates optical and biogeochemical data to characterize how the size distribution, composition, structure, optical properties, and rate of change in the concentration and abundance of oceanic materials drive carbon dynamics, from single-cell (i.e. relying on traditional and imaging flow cytometry, holographic microscopes, particle counters), to bulk volume perspectives (i.e. integrating bulk optical instruments on gliders, profiling floats, and satellites), across various time and space scales.