[ Pioneer Bank | Raita Bank | Gardner Pinnacles | Twin Banks ]
Gardner Pinnacles, lying between French Frigate Shoals and Maro Reef, have the smallest landmass of all the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. As the Hawaiian Islands are carried northwestward by the movement of the Pacific Plate on which they rest, they slowly subside, eventually disappearing underwater. Gardner is the northernmost emergent basalt rock in the Hawaiian Archipelago, the basalt of the more northerly islands and reefs having disappeared underwater. Despite its small size above water, the submerged bank reef surrounding Gardner is the largest in the entire chain, at 2,446 sq. km.
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Bathymetry |
Backscatter Imagery
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Optical Validation |
Geomorphology
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