R. Cengiz Ertekin Professor of Hydromechanics and Ocean Engineering ertekin@hawaii.edu   Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) University of Hawaii at Manoa 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 402 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2303, U.S.A.

Education

Experience

Journal Editorship

Awards, Honors and Committees

Selected Research Projects

Selected Publications

Former Graduate Students of R.C. Ertekin

Education

• Postdoctoral-Fellow. May 1984 - April 1985: Department of Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley. 
• Ph.D. in Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering, Minors: Fluid Mechanics and Mathematics, University of California at Berkeley, May 1984. Advisor and Dissertation Committee Chair: Prof. John V. Wehausen.
• M.S. in Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, December 1980. Advisor Prof. William C. Webster.
• B.S. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, June 1977. Advisor Prof. Ates Ozge.

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Experience

• August 1986 - Present: Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI. Associate Professor and Professor of Ocean Engineering. Teaches courses in Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering and in theoretical and numerical marine hydrodynamics. Conducts research on various hydrodynamic problems related to nonlinear shallow-water waves, ship resistance, wave loads on offshore structures and pipelines, wave energy, hydroelasticity of very large floating structures, and oil spill. National Science Foundation's Presidential Young Investigator (July 1989 - June 1995) in Computational Hydrodynamics.
• August 1998 - Present: Global Environmental Science Bachelor of Science Degree Program, SOEST, Faculty.
• September 1997 - Present: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI. Cooperating Graduate Faculty.
• July 1992 - December 1992: Department of Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering, University of California at Berkeley. Visiting Associate Professor. Taught courses on Ship Resistance & Propulsion, and Ship Hydrostatics. Conducted research on hydromechanics problems of fluid-structure interaction.
• May 1985 - March 1986: Shell Development Company, Bellaire Research Center, Houston, TX. Associate Research Engineer in Offshore Engineering Research Department. Research in theoretical, numerical and experimental marine hydrodynamics concerning motions and wave loads on floating and fixed offshore structures.
• June 1981 - June 1982: Standard Oil Company of California (Chevron), Offshore Technology and Planning Staff, San Francisco, CA. Design Engineer. Worked on hydrodynamic design of a tension leg platform. Developed computer programs to compute wave-induced viscous and slowly-varying drift forces, tendon tension response for given wave persistence data and TLP motions.
• June 1977 - November 1978: Shipbuilding Institute of Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. Naval Architect. Involved in basic ship design, coordinated the construction of ship models and conducted resistance and propulsion tests at the model basin of the same Institute.

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Journal Editorship

• Editorial Board Member, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, ASCE, 2003-Present.

• Associate Editor, Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, ASME, 1992-1999 and 2008-Present.

• Editorial Board Member, Journal of Ships and Offshore Structures, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2006-Present.

• Editorial Board Member, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Springer Verlag, 2006-Present.

• Editorial Board Member, Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, IMechM, PE Publishing, 2001-Present.

• Editorial Board Member, Marine Structures, Elsevier, 1993-Present.

• Co-Editor-in-Chief, Ocean Engineering, Elsevier, 2006-2010.

• Editorial Board Member, Applied Ocean Research, Elsevier, 2001-2010

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Awards, Honors and Professional/Research Activities

• International Scientific Committee Member, International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, IMAM 2009-Present.

• Conference co-Chairman, Int. Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering Conference, OMAE 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii, ASME International.

• Fellow, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, SNAME, 2006.
• International Scientific Committee Member, International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, IMAM 2005, Lisbon, Portugal, September 26-30, 2005.
• Fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineers International, 2002.
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Eng. Division, The Achievement Award, 2003, for outstanding effort with the OOAE website, as Technical Program Chair for 2003, and with help organizing the John V. Wehausen Symposium in 2002.
• Secretary, International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress, ISSC, 2001-2003.
• Chairman, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Eng. (OOAE) Division, American Society of Mechanical Engineers International, 2001-2002.
• Listed in Ninety Fabulous Faculty at the University of Hawaii, 1997, on the occasion of the 90^th birthday of the University.
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Offshore Mechanics & Arctic Eng. Division, Special Service Award, 1998.
• Treasurer, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Eng. (OOAE) Division Executive Committee, 1998-2001
• Co-Organizer (w/ J.W. Kim) of the 3rd Int. Workshop on Very Large Floating Structures, VLFS '99, Honolulu, September, 1999
• Hawaii Section Vice Chairman and Papers Chairman of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, SNAME, 1987-1988.
• Hawaii Section Chairman of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, SNAME, 1988-1989.
• Hawaii Section Technical and Research Representative of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, SNAME, 1989-1993.
• Recipient of the National Science Foundation's Presidential Young Investigator Award in Computational Hydrodynamics, 1989 - 1994.
• Recipient of the Certificate of Recognition by the House of Representatives, State of Hawaii, for demonstrating distinctive research work, 1989.
• Member of National Research Council's Research Associateship and NSF's Graduate Research Fellowship Program Review Panels, 1989-1994.
• Co-Organizer (w/ H.R. Riggs) of 1st Int. Workshop on Very Large Floating Structures, VLFS '91, Honolulu, 1991.
• Session Organizer and Session Chairman, International Conf. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Eng. (OMAE), ASME, 1991-Present.
• Session Organizer/Chairman, International Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf., ISOPE, 1992-1993.
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engineering Division, Achievement Award 1993.
• Hawaii Section Vice-Chairman of Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, SNAME, 1994-95.
• Conference Co-Chairman (w/ M. Tanaka and C.A. Brebbia), 11th Int. Conf. on Boundary Element Technology, BETECH '96, 24-26 April, 1996, Honolulu, Hawaii.
• Workshop Co-Chair and Organizing and Executive Committee Member, 2nd Int. Workshop on Very Large Floating Structures, VLFS '96, Hayama, Yokohama, Japan, November 25-28,1996.
• Recipient of Jaehne Moritz Memorial Fund scholarship, U.C. Berkeley, 1983.
• Designer of Best Concrete Canoe Award, Pacific Div., ASCE & ACI, 1984 and 1985.
• Reviewer for: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1985-Present; Offshore Mech. and Arctic Engng. Conf., OMAE, ASME, 1985-Present; J. of Energy Resources Technology, ASME, 1989, 1990; Marine Structures journal, 1991-Present; J. of Geophysical Research, 1991; Int. Soc. of Offshore & Polar Engng. Conf., ISOPE, 1992, 1993; Coastal Engineering journal, 1992; J. of Ship Research, 1992-Present, J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 1994, 1997 J. of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 1992-Present; California Sea Grant College Program, UCSD, 1994, 1995; Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 1994; Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 4, Gulf Publishing, 1995; Maine/New Hampshire Sea Grant College Program, 1998, Applied Ocean Research journal, 1998-present, Int. Journal of Maritime Engineering, RINA, 2006 .

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Selected Research Projects

• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.), H.R. Riggs, Coupled Dynamics of a Floating OTEC plant with a Cold Water Pipe, National Marine Renewable Energy Center, DOE, December 1, 2010 - November 30, 2013.
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.), H.R. Riggs, I. Robertson, Coastal Bridge and Port Vulnerability to Tsunami and Storm Surge, State of Hawaii, Dept. of Transportation, June 15, 2009- October 1, 2013.
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.), Modeling and Simulation of an Ocean Wave Energy Extraction Device for Sensor Applications – Phase II, ONR via Trex Enterprise Corp., CA,  June 15, 2009 -May 30, 2013.
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I) Modeling and Simulation of an Ocean Wave Energy Extraction Device for Sensor Applications, ONR via Trex Enterprise Corporation, CA (July 1, 2008-January 31, 2009)
• Cheung, K.F. (P.I.), Ertekin, R.C., Pawlak, G., Riggs, H.R., and Yu, J. Environment for Design of Advanced Marine Vehicles and Operations research (ENDEAVOR) (Partners: SAIC and Pacific Marine) Office of Naval Research (ONR (N000140-21-0903). (07/01/2002-06/30/2005)
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) The Study of the Spatial Coherence of Surface Waves by the Nonlinear Green-Naghdi Model in Deep Water. Office of Naval Research (N000114-98-1-0800). (09/01/98-12/31/2000)
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) and Kim, J.W. (Co-PI).  3rd Int. Workshop on Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS' 99)  Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-99-1-0988) (7/02/99-03/30/2000)
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) and Riggs, H.R. (Co-PI) Evaluation of Pneumatically-Stabilized Platforms. DARPA/ONR (08/1/97-08/31/98).
• Riggs, H.R. (P.I.) and Ertekin, R.C. (Co-PI) Analytical Investigation of the Wave-Induced Response of Very Large Floating Structures. National Science Foundation. Grant No. BES-95-32037. (01/01/97 - 06/30/2000).
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) and Riggs, H.R. (Co-PI) Fluid-Structure Analysis of Very Large Floating Structures. National Science Foundation. Grant No. BES-9200655. (03/15/93-08/31/96).
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) and Becker, J.M. (Co-PI) Refraction-Diffraction of Directionally Spread, Nonlinear, Random Waves in the Nearshore Environment. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant College Program, Grant No. SG-28, NA36RG00507 R/EP-2. (08/01/95-07/31/96). 2nd Year Continuation (SG-29)(08/01/96 - 07/31/97).
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) and Merrifield, M.A. (Co-PI) Drag Force Tests on Prebuckled Cylindrical Pressure Hulls. National Defense Center of Excellence for Research in Ocean Sciences (CEROS), via Oceanit Laboratories, Inc., Honolulu. (2/2/95-8/31/95).
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) Molokai Fishponds: A Circulation Study. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant College Program. Grant No. NA36RG0507-R/EL-7PD. (02/22/96 - 07/31/96). Supplement (Continuation) Grant No. SG-28, NA36RG0507 (10/07/96 - 12/13/96), and Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) and Merrifield, M.A. (Co-PI) Molokai Fishponds: Circulation Studies. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant College Program. Grant No. NA36RG00507-R/AQ-60. (03/01/97 - 02/28/98). (NA86RG0041 R/AQ-60, year 31) (09/01/98-12/31/99)
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) Presidential Young Investigator Award in Computational Hydrodynamics. National Science Foundation. Grant No. BCS-8958346. (07/01/89-06/30/95).
• Ertekin, R.C. (P.I.) Dynamic Positioning of a Floating OTEC Plant by Surface Intake Water. Pacific International Center for High Technology Research (PICHTR), Honolulu. (07/01/91-05/31/92), and A Detailed Study of the Global Positioning of Floating OTEC Plants. Pacific International Center for High Technology Research (PICHTR), Honolulu. (10/1/92-09/30/93).

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• Korde, U. and Ertekin, R.C. (2014) “On wave energy focusing and conversion in open water,” Renewable Energy-An International Journal, Vol. 62, February, pp. 84-99.
• Nolte, J., Ertekin, R.C., Davis, E.P. (2013), “In-Ocean experiments of a wave energy conversion device moored to an anchor and to a drogue,” J.  Ocean Technology, March, Vol. 8, No.1, pp. 72-85.
• Carter, R.W. and Ertekin, R.C. (2011) “Induced Surface Flow Wave Energy Converter,” U.S. Patent No. 8,084,873, Filed: January 5, 2009, Final Approval Date: December 27, 2011.
• Padmanabhan, B. and  Ertekin, R.C. (2011), “Interaction of Waves with a Steady Intake/Discharge Flow Emanating from a 3-D Body,” J. Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,  Trans. of  ASME, Vol.133, No. 4, November, pp. 041101-1 to 041101-10
• Kim, J.W., Ertekin, R.C. and Bai, K.J.  (2010), “Linear and Nonlinear Wave Models based on Hamilton’s Principle and Stream Function Theory: CMSE and IGN,” J. Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Trans. of ASME, Vol. 132, May, pp. 021102-1 -  021102-6, SOEST No. 7478.
• Burrows, R. and Ertekin, R.C. (2009) “Foreword to Special Issue on Renewable Energy: Leveraging Oceans Towards Energy Sustainability – a Role for Marine Renewables,” Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 31, No. 4, October, pp. 227-228.
• McCormick, M.E. and Ertekin, R.C. (2009), “Renewable Sea Power: Waves, Tides, and Thermals-new research funding seeks to put them to work for us, Mechanical Engineering, American Society of Mechanical Engineers International, May, 36-39 (http://memagazine.asme.org/Articles/2009/May/Renewable_Sea_Power.cfm)
• Riggs, H.R., Suzuki, H., Ertekin, R.C., Kim, J.W., Iijimae, K. (2008), “Comparison of Hydroelastic Computer Codes Based on the ISSC VLFS Benchmark,” Ocean Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 7, May, pp. 589-597, SOEST No. 7244.
• Xia, D., Ertekin, R.C. and Kim, J.W. (2008), “Nonlinear Hydroelastic Response of a Two-Dimensional Mat-type VLFS by the Green-Naghdi Theory,” J. Fluids and Structures. Vol. 24, No. 4, May, pp. 527-540, SOEST No. 7243.
• Kim, J.W., Kyoung, J.H., Ertekin, R.C. and Bai, K.J. (2006) “Finite-Element Computation of Wave-Structure Interaction of Steep Stokes Waves and Vertical Cylinders,” J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE, September/October, Vol. 132, No. 5, pp. 337-347. SOEST No. 7242.
• Padmanabhan, B. and Ertekin, R.C. (2003), "On the Interaction of Waves with Intake/Discharge Flows Originating from a Freely-Floating Body,” Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Trans. of ASME, February, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 41-47. SOEST No.  6055.
• Kim, J.W., Bai, K.J., Ertekin, R.C. and Webster, W.C. (2003), "A Strongly-Nonlinear Model for Water Waves in Water of Variable Depth: the Irrotational Green-Naghdi Model,” Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Trans. of ASME, February, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 25-32. SOEST No.  6056.
• Kim, J.W. and Ertekin, R.C. (2002), "Hydroelasticity of an Infinitely-Long Plate in Oblique Waves: Linear Green-Naghdi Theory," J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, IMechE – Part M, Vol. 216, No. M2, November, pp. 179-197, SOEST No. 6054.
• Kim, J. W., Bai, K. J., Ertekin, R. C. and Webster, W. C.  (2001), "A Derivation of the Green-Naghdi Equations for Irrotational Flows,"   J. Engineering Mathematics,  Volume 40, No. 1,  May,  pp. 17-34. SOEST No. 5011.
• Kim, J.W. and Ertekin, R.C. (2000), “A Numerical Study of Nonlinear Wave Interaction in Irregular Seas: Irrotational Green-Naghdi Model,” Marine Structures Journal, Vol. 13, Nos. 4-5, pp. 331-348.  SOEST No. 5228.
• Xia, D. , Kim, J.W. and Ertekin, R.C. (2000), “On the Hydroelastic Behavior of 2-Dimensional Articulated Plates,” Marine Structures Journal, Vol. 13, Nos. 4-5, pp. 261-278.  SOEST No. 5229.
• Riggs, H.R., Ertekin, R.C. and Mills, T.R.J. (2000), “A Comparative Study of RMFC and FEA Models for the Wave-Induced Response of a MOB," Marine Structures Journal, Vol. 13, Nos. 4-5, pp. 217-232. SOEST No. 5230.
• Roddier, D. and Ertekin, R.C. (1999), "Diffraction and Remodelization of Solitons around a False Wall," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 1221-1240. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-98-26. SOEST No. 4621.
• Riggs, H.R., Ertekin, R.C. and Mills, T. (1999), "Impact of Stiffness on the Response of a Multi-Module Mobile Offshore Base," Int. J. Offshore and Polar Eng., June, Vol. 9 , No. 2, pp. 126-133. SOEST No. 4600.
• Ertekin, R.C. and Kim, J.W. (1999), "Hydroelastic Response of a Floating, Mat-Type Structure in Oblique, Shallow-Water Waves," J. Ship Research, Vol. 43, No.4 , pp. 241-254. SOEST No. 4778.
• Riggs, H.R. and Ertekin, R.C. (1999), "Response Characteristics of Serially-Connected Semisubmersibles," J. Ship Research, Vol. 43, No.4, pp. 229-240. SOEST No. 4780.
• Ertekin, R.C. and Becker, J.M. (1998), "Nonlinear Diffraction of Waves by a Submerged Shelf in Shallow Water," J. Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Trans. of ASME, November, Vol. 120, No. 4, pp. 212-220. UNIHI-SEAGRANT- JC-98-30. SOEST No. 4074.
• Wang, S.Q., Ertekin, R.C. and Riggs, H.R. (1997), "Computationally Efficient Techniques in the Hydroelasticity Analysis of Very Large Floating Structures," Computers & Structures journal, Vol.62, No. 4, pp. 603-610. SOEST No. 4121.
• Sundararaghavan, H. and Ertekin, R.C. (1997), "Near-Boom Oil-Slick Instability Criterion for Viscous Flows and the Influence of Free-Surface Conditions," J. Energy Resources Technology, Trans. ASME, Vol. 119, March, pp. 26-33. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-97-08. SOEST Contribution No. 4167.
• Padmanabhan, B. and Ertekin, R.C. (1996), "Setdown of a Catenary-Moored Gravity Platform," Marine Structures, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 721-742. SOEST No. 3906.
• Liu, X.Q., Ertekin, R.C. and Riggs, H.R. (1996), "Vibration of a Free-Free Beam under Tensile Axial Loads," J. Sound and Vibration, Vol. 190, No. 2, February, pp. 273-282. SOEST No. 3985.
• Chitrapu, A.S. and Ertekin, R.C. (1995), "Time-Domain Simulation of Large-Amplitude Response of Floating Platforms," Ocean Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 367-386. SOEST No. 3565.
• Ertekin, R.C. and Sundararaghavan, H. (1995), "The Calculation of the Instability Criterion for a Uniform Viscous-Flow Past an Oil Boom," J. Offshore Mech. & Arctic Engng., Trans. of ASME, Vol. 117, No. 1, pp. 24-29. SOEST No. 3618.
• Ertekin, R.C.; Wang, S.Q.; Che, X.L. and Riggs, H.R. (1995), "On the Application of the Haskind-Hanaoka Relations to Hydroelasticity Problems," Marine Structures, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 617-629. SOEST No. 3805.
• Ertekin, R.C. and Xu, Y.F. (1994), "Preliminary Assessment of the Wave-Energy Resource Using Observed Wave and Wind Data," Energy--The International Journal, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 729-738. SOEST No. 3333.
• Che, X.L.; Riggs H.R. and Ertekin, R.C. (1994), "Composite 2D/3D Hydroelastic Analysis Method for Floating Structures," J. Engineering Mechanics, Trans. of ASCE, Vol. 120, No. 7, July, pp. 1499-1520. SOEST No. 3287.
• Ertekin, R.C. and Padmanabhan, B. (1994), "Graphical Aid in Potential-Flow Problems: Computer Program POTFLO," Computers in Education Journal, ASEE, Vol. IV, No. 4, October-December, pp. 24-31. SOEST No. 3574.
• Ertekin, R.C.; Liu, Y.Z. and Padmanabhan, B. (1994), "Interaction of Incoming Waves with a Steady Intake-Pipe Flow," J. Offshore Mech. & Arctic Engng., Trans. of ASME, Vol. 116, No. 4, November, pp. 214-220. SOEST No. 3619.
• Chitrapu, A.S.; Ertekin, R.C. and Paulling, J.R. (1993), "Viscous Drift Forces in Regular and Irregular Waves," Ocean Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 33-55. SOEST No. 3203.
• Ertekin, R.C.; Riggs, H.R.; Che, X.L. and Du, S.X. (1993), "Efficient Methods for Hydroelastic Analysis of Very Large Floating Structures," J. Ship Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 58-76. SOEST No. 3155.
• Riggs, H.R. and Ertekin, R.C. (1993), "Approximate Methods for Dynamic Response of Multi- module Floating Structures," Marine Structures, Vol. 6, No. 2-3, pp. 117-141. SOEST Cont. No. 3156.
• Wu, Yousheng; Wang, D.Y.; Riggs, H.R. and Ertekin, R.C. (1993), "Composite Singularity Distribution Method with Application to Hydroelasticity," Marine Structures, Vol. 6, No. 2-3, pp. 143-163. SOEST No. 3157.
• Ertekin, R.C.; Qian, Z.M.; Nihous, G.C.; Vega, L.A. and Yang, C. (1993), "Positioning of a Floating OTEC Plant by Surface Intake Water," Int. J. Offshore & Polar Engng., Vol. 3, No. 3, September, pp. 236-239, SOEST No. 3152.
• Yang, C. and Ertekin, R.C. (1992), "Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Wave Diffraction by a Vertical Cylinder," J. Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Trans. of ASME, Vol. 114, No. 1, February, pp. 34-44. SOEST No. 3322.
• Chian, C. and Ertekin, R.C. (1992), "Diffraction of Solitary Waves by Submerged Horizontal Cylinders," Wave Motion, Vol. 15, No. 2, March, pp. 121-142. SOEST No. 3199.
• Krock, H.-J. and Ertekin, R.C. (1992), "Ocean Engineering at the University of Hawaii," Marine Technology Society Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1, Spring, pp. 28-35. SOEST No. 3200.
• Wang, D.Y.; Riggs, H.R. and Ertekin, R.C. (1991), "Three-Dimensional Hydroelastic Response of a Very Large Floating Structure," Int. J. Offshore and Polar Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 4, December, pp. 307-316. SOEST No. 3354.
• Ertekin, R.C.; Webster, W.C. and Wehausen, J.V. (1986), "Waves Caused by a Moving Disturbance in a Shallow Channel of Finite Width", J. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 169, pp.275-292.
• Ertekin, R.C. and Porter, B.A. (1986), "The Design and Construction of the Concrete Canoe: California II", Marine Technology, July, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 271-275.