ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> GG711-Kenneth Rubin </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <FONT SIZE=4> <center><H2>Class Schedule and Lecture Note Downloads:</H2> <table width=800 border="0"> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><h2>GG711 - Deep Submarine Eruptions</h2> A course that explores various aspects of volcanic activity in the deep ocean and its effect on the surrounding environment. <br> Fall 2011 - <i>download the course <a href="/krubin/GG711/SubmarineEruptionsAnnouncement">announcement</a> and/or <a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711sylF11.pdf">syllabus</a></i></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="400"><div align="center"><img src="/krubin/GG711/090512225858_1261ad-smj.jpg" width="230" height="180" alt="glowing lava bubble"></div></td> <td width="400"><div align="center"><img src="/krubin/GG711/2009_05_07_17_27_44_0933adj-sm.jpg" width="274" height="180" alt="hot pillow lava"></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><font color="#FF1100" size="3">NOTE: the lecture content is subject to slight shifts and changes (i.e., it will evolve during the semester). also, if you download files way in advance, check back the day before class to see if I've posted more recent versions</font></td> </tr> </table> <hr width ="750"> <table width="800"><tr><td> <font size=5><B>Instructor: Ken Rubin<br> Day, Time: Tu-Th, 10:30-11:45 AM </B><br> Place: POST 613</font> </td></tr> <tr><td> <font size=5>Fellow Seminarians.....</font> <p>This class will consist of roughly once-a-week semi-informal lectures (usually tuesday) and once a week meetings (usually thursday) in which we will discuss 1 or 2 papers we read for that week. In some or all weeks we will condense this into one meeting per week, probably on tuesday, butdepending on various guest lecturers schedules as well. Expect to lead a discussion or two later in the semester. (Discussion leaders' names are given in <B>Bold Text</B> for each reading) <p>The schedule below is still somewhat under development for the end of the semester. <br>Take a look also at the <a href="/krubin/gg711S07.html" target="blank">Spring 2007</a> schedule to see the topics and papers we read the last time I ran this course. </td></tr></table> <p> <font color="#FF1100"> Click on the Lecture number to obtain the lecture notes for that day<br> <i>Lecture notes are protected by copyright</i></font> </td></tr></table> <p> <table cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="800"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-top: 0.01in solid; border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>Week (lecture No.)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-top: 0.01in solid; border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>date</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-top: 0.01in solid; border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Discussion leader</b> + topic</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>reading (see also full reference list at the bottom of this web page)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>1 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect1.pdf">1</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Jan 9, 11 </p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ken, </span>General intro lecture</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Soule et al., 2007; background: Tolstoy et al., 2006</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>2 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect2.pdf">2</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Sep 6, 8</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ken, </span>Ocean ridge volcanism.<br><i>Special Guest</i> for thursday's paper discussion: <span style="font-weight: bold;">Adam Soule, WHOI</span></p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Perfit and Chadwick, 1998 thru section 3 <font size=2> (<a href="/krubin/GG711/Perfit_Chadwick1998.pdf">download</a> author provided reprint)</font>; background: Macdonald 2001</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>3 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect3.pdf">3</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Sep 13, 15</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ken, </span>Hydrothermal Processes<br><i>Special Guest</i> presentation on thursday by: <span style="font-weight: bold;">Bob Embley, NOAA-PMEL</span>, "Submarine Volcanoes of the Mariana Arc: Interdisplinary Exploration and Research"</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Embley et al. (2006)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>4 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect4.pdf">4</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Sep 20, 22</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Ken</b>, Eruption Geochronology</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Rubin et al., 1994; Rubin et al., 2005; Background: Bowles et al., 2006</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>5 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect5.pdf">5</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Sep 27</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Ken</b>, Multidisciplinary studies of the West mata volcano eruption; no seminar on thursday</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Resing et al., 2011</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>6</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Oct3</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><i>special date/time - 4:30 PM</i>dicussion and scheduling of papers you will lead</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p><i>no reading this week - look at your paper options</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>7 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect6.pdf">6</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Oct 11, 13</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Ken</b>, Submarine pyroclastic activity</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Schipper et al., 2011; Background: Clague et al., 2009</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>8 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect7-jonathan.pdf">7</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Oct 18</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Jonathan</b>, near-spreading-center seamounts</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Haase et al., 2009; Background: longish list sent around by email</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>8 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect8-tina.pdf">8</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Oct 20</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Tina</b>, hydrothermal response to eruptions</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Butterfield et al., 1997; Background: Von Damm 2004</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>9 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect9-alice.pdf">9</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Oct 25</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Alice</b>, tentative: geology and petrology of individual eruption deposits</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Sinton et al., 2002; Background: Auzende et al., 1996; Rubin et al., 2001</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>9 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect10-sarah.pdf">10</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Oct 27</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Sarah</b>, reconstructing eruptions from sea floor lava morphology</p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Fundis et al., 2009; Background: Gregg and Fink, 1995</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>10 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/gg711-lect11-mary.pdf">11</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Nov 1</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>Mary</b>, submarine Hawaiian volcanism; <i>no class Nov. 3</i></p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Clague and Calvert, 2010; background: Smith et al., 2002; Clague et al., 2006</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>11 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/GG711-lect12-sinton.pdf">12</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Nov 10</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><b>John Sinton</b>, relationship of magma reservoirs and erupted magmas; <i>no class Nov. 8</i></p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Bergmanis et al., 2007; background: Sinton et al., 2002 (please also read the part that earlier Alice had you skip)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>12 (<a href="/krubin/GG711/GG711-lect13-fred.pdf">13</a>)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Nov. 17</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fred Duennebier,</span> Seismic detection; <i>no class Nov. 15</i></p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Fox et al., 2001, Dziak & Fox, 1999; Norris & Johnson, 1969</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>13 (14)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Nov 22</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Margo Edwards,</span> remote mapping [this class is rescheduled for Mon Dec 12 at 10:30]<i>(thursday is thanksgiving)</i></p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Fornari et al., 1998; Edwards et al., 2011?</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>14 (15)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Nov 29, Dec 1</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">no class - independent reading</span> </p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p>Rubin et al., 2012</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>15</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Dec 6, 8</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">no class, agu week</span> </p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table1column1" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="10%"> <p>16 (finals)</p> </td> <td class="table1column2" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="15%"> <p>Dec 12</p> </td> <td class="table1column3" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="35%"> <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mon., Margo makeup lecture</span> </p> </td> <td class="table1column4" style="border-left: 0.01in solid; border-right: 0.01in solid; border-bottom: 0.01in solid" valign="top" width="40%"> <p></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p> <b>References for reading and background papers</b> <table width="800"> <tr><td> <ul> <li>Auzende, J-M., V. Ballu, R. Batiza, D. Bideau, J. L. Charlou, M. H. Cormier, Y. Fouquet, P. Geistdorfer, Y. Lagabrielle, J. Sinton and P. Spadea (1996) Recent tectonic, magmatic, and hydrothermal activity on the East Pacific Rise between 17 and 19 S: Submersible observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17995-18010. <li>EC Bergmanis, J Sinton, KH Rubin (2007) Recent Eruptive History and Magma Reservoir Dynamics on the Southern East Pacific Rise at 17.5 S, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, Q12O06, doi:10.1029/2007GC001742 <li>Bowles, J., et al. (2006), Paleointensity applications to timing and extent of eruptive activity, 9–10N East Pacific Rise, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q06006, doi:10.1029/2005GC001141. <li>Butterfield, D.A., I.R. Jonasson, G.J. Massoth, R.A. Feely, K.K. Roe, R.E. Embley, J.F. Holden, R.E. McDuff, M.D. Lilley, and J.R. Delaney (1997) Seafloor eruptions and evolution of hydrothermal fluid chemistry. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 355, 369–386 <li>Clague, D. A., Paduan, J. B. & Davis, A. S. Widespread strombolian eruptions of mid-ocean ridge basalt.(2009) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 180, 171-188. <li>Clague, D.A., J.B. Paduan, B.C. McIntosh, B.L. Cousens, A.S. Davis, J. R. Reynolds, 2006, A submarine perspective of the Honolulu Volcanics, Oahu, J. Vocanol. Geotherm. Res., 151, 279-307. <li>Clague, DA, Calvert, AT (2009) Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii, Bull. Volcanol. 71, 533–539, DOI 10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z <li>Dziak, RP and Fox, CG (1999) The January 1998 Earthquake Swarm at Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Hydroacoustic Evidence of Seafloor Volcanic Activity, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 26,3429-3432. <li>Edwards, M et al. (2011?) Methodologies for Surveying and Assessing Deep Water Munitions Disposal Sites <li>Embley et al., (2006) Long-Term Eruptive Activity at a Submarine Arc Volcano, Nature, 441, 494-497 doi:10.1038/nature04762 <li>Fox, C.G., H. Matsumoto, T.-K.A. Lau (2001) Monitoring Pacific Ocean seismicity from an autonomous hydrophone array, J. Geophys Res, 106(B3), 4183-4206. <li>AT, Fundis, Soule SA, Fornari DJ, et al. (2010) Paving the seafloor: Volcanic emplacement processes during the 2005-2006 eruptions at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50 ' N, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.11 Article Number: Q08024. <li>Fornari, D.J., R.M. Haymon, M.R. Perfit, T.K.P. Gregg and M.H. Edwards, Axial summit caldera of the East Pacific Rise 9° to 10°N: Geological characteristics and evolution of the axial zone on fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 9827-9855, 1998. <li>Gregg, T. K. P., and J. H. Fink (1995) Quantification of of submarine lava flow morphology through analog experiments, Geology, 23, 73-76. <li>KM Haase, S Fretzdorff, R Mühe, D Garbe-Schönberg, P Stoffers (2009) A geochemical study of off-axis seamount lavas at the Valu Fa Ridge: Constraints on magma genesis and slab contributions in the southern Tonga subduction zone, Lithos 112, 137–148 <li>Johnson, R.H.,and R.A. Norris, Significance of spectral banding in hydroacoustic signals from submarine volcanice eruptions: Myojin 1970; J. Geophys. Res. 77, 4461-4469, 1972. <li>Macdonald, Ken C. (2001). Mid-Ocean Ridge Tectonics, Volcanism and Geomorphology ENCYCLOPEDIA OF OCEAN SCIENCES (eds. J. Steele, S. Thorpe, K. Turekian), Academic Press, p. 1798-1813. <li>Perfit and Chadwick, 1998, Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: constraints from volcanological and geochemical investigations, p. 59-115 in Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges Geophysical Monograph 106. <li>JA Resing, KH Rubin, W Embley, JE Lupton, ET Baker, RP Dziak, TBaumberger, MD Lilley, JA Huber, TM Shank, DA Butterfield, DA Clague, NS Keller, SG Merle, NJ Buck, PJ Michael, A Soule, DW Caress, SL Walker, R Davis, JP Cowen, A-L Reysenbach, H Thomas (2011) Active submarine eruption of boninite in the northeastern Lau Basin, Nature Geoscience, DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1275. <li>Rubin, Macdougall and Perfit (1994) 210Po-210Pb dating of recent volcanic eruptions on the sea floor, Nature 368, 841-844. <li>KH Rubin, MC Smith, EC Bergmanis, MR Perfit, JM Sinton and R Batiza (2001) Geochemical heterogeneity within mid-ocean ridge lava flows: insights into eruption, emplacement and global variations in magma generation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 188, 349-367. <li>KH Rubin, I. van der Zander, MC Smith and EC Bergmanis (2005) Minimum speed limit for ocean ridge magmatism from 210Pb-226Ra-230Th disequilibria, Nature, 437, 534-538, doi:10.1038/nature03993 <li>Rubin, Soule, Chadwick, Fornari, Clague, Embley, Baker, Perfit, Caress, Dziak (2012), Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea, Oceanography, in press. <li>DK Smith, LSL King, KTM Johnson, JR Reynolds (2002) Volcanic morphology of the submarine Puna ridge, Kilauea volcano. Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives. Geophysical Monograph 128, AGU, p125-142 <li>CI Schipper, JDL White, BF Houghton (2011) Textural, geochemical, and volatile evidence for a Strombolian-like eruption sequence at Lo`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 207,16-32. <li>J Sinton, E Bergmanis, KH Rubin, R Batiza, TKP Gregg, K Grönvold, K Macdonald, and S White (2002) Volcanic eruptions on mid-ocean ridges: New evidence from the superfast-spreading East Pacific Rise, 17<sup>o</sup>-19<sup>o</sup>S, J. Geophys. Res. 107(B6), 2115, doi:10.1029/2000JB000090. <li>S.A. Soule, D.J. Fornari, M.R. Perfit and K.H. Rubin (2007), New insights into mid-ocean ridge volcanic processes from the 2005-06 eruption of the East Pacific Rise, 9&deg; 46'-56'N, Geology,35 (12), 1079-1082, doi: 10.1130/G23924A.1. <li>M Tolstoy, J P Cowen, E T Baker, DJ Fornari, KH Rubin, TM Shank, F Waldhauser, DR Bohnenstiehl, DW Forsyth, RC Holmes, B Love, MR Perfit, RT Weekly, SA Soule, B. Glazer (2006) A Seafloor Spreading Event Captured by Seismometers, Science, 314, 1920-1922. <li>Von Damm, K.L. (2004) Evolution of the Hydrothermal System at the East Pacific Rise 9°50'N: Geochemical evidence for changes in the upper oceanic crust, Geophys. Monogr., AGU, 148: 285-304. </ul>. </td></tr></table> <P><IMG SRC="/GG/IMAGES/lava.bar.gif" ALT="--------------------------"> <P><FONT SIZE=4> <A HREF="/GG/academics/gg_academics.html#courses"> <IMG SRC="/GG/IMAGES/gg_icon.gif"> </A> <A HREF="/krubin/kenchron.html"><IMG SRC="/krubin/GIF/ken_icon.gif"></A><P> [<A HREF="/GG/academics/gg_academics.html"> UH Geology & Geophysics</A> Academics | <A HREF="/krubin/kenchron.html">Ken's</A> home page] <P></FONT></center> <P> <HR> <P> <I>last page update on 19 Dec. 2011</I> </FONT> </BODY> </HTML>