| alkalinity |
The
amount of excess base in a solution, measured in millimoles/kilogram--basically
in these muds, a measure of dissolved carbonate. |
| Bioluminescence |
The
emission of visible light by living organisms. |
| chlorinity |
A
measure of the halide elements present: chloride, bromide, iodide, and fluoride.
Called chlorinity because chloride is the most abundant |
| crane |
A
machine for hoisting and moving heavy objects using cables attached to a
movable boom (arm). |
| fairlead |
On
a ship, a hole or arch that a line or rope is threaded through in order
to change its direction. Often used to direct the sheets (lines) that control
sails. |
| fault |
a
fracture in rock along which the adjacent rock surfaces are differentially
displaced |
| forearc |
region
of a convergent plate boundary that lies between the trench axis and the
active volcanic island chain. |
| Geiger
counter |
An
instrument used to detect, measure and record nuclear emanations, cosmic
rays and artificially produced subatomic particles. |
| hypothermic |
Dangerously
cold. Hypothermia is the chilling of the body below a life sustaining temperature. |
| knot |
a
unit of speed. One knot is a little faster than one mile per hour. 1 knot
= 1.15 miles per hour |
| isotopes |
Atoms
with the same atomic number, but different mass numbers (same number of
protons but a different number of neutrons). |
| mantle |
an
intermediate zone of the earth below the crust and above the core (to a
depth of 2160 miles) |
| Metamorphic
rock |
Metamorphic
means, "change of form." Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have formed due
to changes in volcanic or sedimentary rock. |
| Peridotite |
a
rock that is composed dominantly of the mineral olivine. "Peridote" is the
gem name for olivine, a pale olive-green glassy mineral, hence the name
"peridotite" for the rock |
| pH |
A
measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution where 7 is neutral, increasing
with increasing alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity. |
| Photic-zone |
The
upper region of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates |
| plate |
a
large rigid, but mobile, block involved in plate techtonics; thickness ranges
from 30 to 150 miles and includes both crust and a portion of the upper
mantle. |
| scarp |
a
steep slope or cliff |
| serpentine |
(Mg,
Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4 A group of green, greenish-yellow or greenish-gray ferromagnesian
hydrous silicate rock forming minerals having greasy or silky luster and
a slightly soapy feel |
| serpentinized |
a
rock that has been converted into serpentinite through hydration of its
original olivine or pyroxene minerals |
| sheave |
(pronounced,
"shiv") A wheel or disk with a grooved rim used as a pulley. |
| Shinkai |
Japanese
for "Deep Sea" |
| sonar |
system
for the underwater detection of objects by reflected sound |
| subduction
zone |
region
where one crustal block descends beneath another. |
| titration |
The
gradual adding of very specific amounts of one solution to another solution
until a chemical reaction occurs. Used to determine concentration of a substance
in a solution. |
| transect |
a
straight line marking an area of study |
| transponder |
a
device that emits a sound of a specific frequency at a set time interval |
| trench |
long
depression in the seafloor that traces the contact between a subducting
lithospheric plate and an over-riding plate. |
| winch |
A
stationary, motor driven or hand-powered hoisting machine that has a drum
around which the cable or wire winds as the load is lifted. |
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