Pacific ENSO Update

3rd Quarter, 2005 Vol. 11 No. 3

Guam and CNMI text Guam/CNMI:  Rainfall on Guam during the first half of 2005 was moderately drier than normal during all months except for June at most locations. The six month total of 22.68 inches at the Guam International Airport (GIA) was normal at 100% (thanks mostly to a wet June). In stark contrast to enormous island-wide rainfall on several days in 2004, there have been very few island-wide heavy rain events to date in 2005. At the GIA, there have been only two days (through mid-August) with 24-hour rainfall in excess of 2 inches.

Most of the CNMI rainfall stations reported less rainfall than on Guam (both in inches and as a percent of normal) during the each of the months of the first half of 2005. During July 2005, however, it was wetter at both Tinian and Rota than it was at the GIA. During the first 6 months of 2005, the Saipan International Airport (SIA) and Capitol Hill experienced 82% of normal and 58% of normal, respectively. Rota was also quite dry with a six month total of only 17.92 inches, or 58% of normal. The 12.27 inches recorded at Tinian during the first half of 2005 was the lowest amount at any recording station in Micronesia.

Eruptions of Anatahan volcano, located about 90 miles north of Saipan and 200 miles north of Guam, continue to send episodes of hazy volcanic smog (vog), fumes, and volcanic ash southward to Guam and to many of the islands of the CNMI. More information on these events and current volcanic activity is available through a USGS and Hawaiian Volcano Observatory website, <http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cnmi/>.

Guam and CNMI Rainfall Summary 2nd Quarter 2005
Station   Apr. May Jun. Total 6-month
Total
Guam International Airport WSO Rainfall (inches) 2.50 2.40 8.59 13.49 22.68
% of Normal 64% 40% 133% 82% 100%
Anderson Air Force Base Rainfall (inches) 2.06 3.11 6.85 12.02 36.45
% of Normal 42% 47% 108% 67% 111%
University of Guam Rainfall (inches) 1.98 2.92 7.32 12.22 20.43
% of Normal N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Saipan International Airport Rainfall (inches) 3.04 2.30 3.51 8.85 15.95
% of Normal 109% 52% 75% 75% 82%
Capital Hill Rainfall (inches) 2.48 1.29 3.44 7.21 14.05
% of Normal 71% 23% 59% 49% 58%
Tinian Airport Rainfall (inches) 2.62 1.43 2.69 6.72 12.27
% of Normal 75% 26% 46% 45% 50%
Rota Airport Rainfall (inches) 2.73 2.91 3.41 9.05 17.92
% of Normal 60% 46% 55% 53% 58%
* Long term normal is not established for these sites

Climate Outlook:

The tropical cyclone distribution in the western North Pacific basin through August 2005 is typical for a year after an El Niņo. The numbers have been below normal and the formation region has been west and north of normal. During the months of September through December 2005, the formation region of tropical cyclones is expected to expand into the Caroline Islands, resulting in a near normal threat of a typhoon for Guam and the CNMI during the remaining months of the year. Thus, two or three tropical storms and one or two typhoons should pass within 200 miles of any Guam and CNMI location. The months of greatest threat will be October and November. The odds of typhoon force winds (or greater) at any location on Guam or in the CNMI during any given year (status of ENSO not considered) are approximately one in seven. During El Nino years, the odds of typhoon force winds on Guam or on any individual island in the CNMI rise to about one in three. During non-El Nino years the odds fall back to around one in ten. Dangerous surf from a typhoon does not require that the typhoon pass close to any location, so it is certain that at least one episode of dangerous typhoon-generated waves will occur. Every year several lives are lost due to hazardous surf. Rainfall is anticipated to be near normal for Guam and the CNMI through the the summer rainy season, and then be slightly drier than normal in the next dry season.

Predicted rainfall for the Mariana Islands from September 2005 through August 2006 is as follows:

 
Inclusive Period

% of Long-Term Average
Guam/Rota
Saipan/Tinian
Sep - Oct 2005 (Heart of Rainy Season) 100% 90%
Nov 2005 - May 2006 (Next Dry Season) 90% 85%
Jun - Aug 2006 (Onset of next Rainy Season) 110% 100%
source: UOG-WERI